The eastern part of the Yushan National Park (YNP), especially in Dafen, is a critical habitat for locally endangered Formosan black bears (Ursus thibetanus formosanus). The phenology and acorn production of the dominant ring-cupped oaks (Cyclobalanopsis glauca) potentially influence the temporal and spatial movement, activity and abundance of bears. The objective was to continue to monitor the dynamics of acorn production of ring-cupped oaks, and bear activity and their the relationship in the Dafen oak forest. The study was further designed to estimate the population size and genetic variation of the bears and to provide guidelines for conservation and representative data sampling.Initially collected meteorological data, the the Dafen area average annual temperature is 13.2 ±4.1 ℃, the monthly average temperature from May to September higher temperature 16.9-19.6 ℃. Are less than 15.5 ℃ in the winter months temperature. The monthly mean relative humidity of 71.2 to 88.3%, annual average relative humidity was 79.6 ± 4.6%. The accumulated rainfall in September and October 2010, respectively, the highest up to 529 mm, 259 mm, September rainfall was Dafen weather station a maximum record.2012 visual survey of Graves' index average and 30 seconds counting method result was 1.75 ± 1.02 (± SD) and 42.8 ± 40.8 acorn /per tree. The overall seems to 2006-2012 survey results, 30 seconds counting method and Graves' index result had consistent trend change . The production of intact and damaged acorns collected and estimated by 196 seed traps were 30.5 acorns/m2. Compared with previously 5 years(2006-2010), the damaged acorns proportion of 2011 was the lowest(18.4%). From 2006 to 2011, acorn production were difference among years, the highest production was 2008(61 acorns/m2). 2011 acorns production had no difference among transects(One-way anova, F=0.197, df=7, p>0.05), T3 and T4 were highest(25.2±22.1, 25.1±15.9 acorn/per seed trap), T1 was lowest(18.4±31.8 acorn/per seed trap). the acorn on ground, was highest in November and October, followed by December and January. Bear activity index showed 24.7±29 sign of tree/ km, 24.5±28.7 sign unit/ km. The transect proportion of sign acorns tree was 8.4% on average, the highest of T4(32.7%), T5 was not found any sign.Genetic part, interpretation microsatellite locus genotype 108 samples successfully identified 71 individuals, which in 2010 successfully identified 50 individuals for genetic diversity analysis, 2010 Dafen area collected black bear genetic samples treated as a single ethnic point of view, the results showed that the population close to random mating, but significant deviation from Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium (p <0.001), inferences may be ethnic grouping analysis effect Chinese Lund (Wahlund effect).Prediction of ring-cupped oaks production cycle in Dafen, the results showed predictive value increases over time, failed to reasonably estimate the changes between seasons and years. Speculate that the reason may be that the solid amount of continuous change, prediction unit in months, is not ideal. Reasonable prediction unit should be in the year. However, the six years of monitoring time is still too short to establish a reliable time series model. This study is limited by environmental factors in the survey data and the length of time and not be able to change years on the results of the status of a full interpretation, it is suggested that the sustained and long-term monitoring, and enhance the mastery of the climatic conditions, to insight into the results of the cycle and mechanisms.Taiwan black bear populations in Dafen remain in genetic diversity, the onlymore accurate population size estimates need to accumulate more genetic, behavioral, distribution, migration and life history research data. Currently only completed the first microsatellite loci independent experiments cause misjudgment genotype and pseudo individual (allelic dropout) and pseudo-allele (false allele) in order to avoid the allele missing the opportunity to go through secondary the above independent experiments before confirmation genotype. The subsequent genotype confirmation will be analysis of the genetic information, such as the number of alleles observed and theoretical heterozygosity (Ho and He), polymorphic information content (PIC), inbreeding index (FIS). The succession can integrate data from 2008 to 2011, the years of large-scale. In addition, the study still need to verify the results of this experiment repeated twice more independent experiments.