Construction of a microsatellite fingerprint database of vascular plants in Yushan National Park
中文摘要
一、研究緣起
分子指紋技術已廣泛應用於生物保育,其中基因體中的微衛星DNA因具有高解析力及變異性的特性,使得此技術在物種之保育及遺傳多樣性的分析上提供了快速又可靠的工具。本研究針對之物種紅檜、鐵杉、南洋紅豆杉及石松科植物不論在林業、觀光、藥用或園藝上均極為重要,鑑於過去濫採盜伐等人為因素的干擾造成這些物種的野外族群受到極大的衝擊;針對這些種類,本研究進行族群遺傳結構及歧異度的分析。
二、研究方法及過程
分子指紋技術中微衛星指紋提供了幾近於中性且代表整個基因組的分子標記,其對偶基因的特性更提供了估算族群中異型基因合子和遺傳變異以及族群間遺傳分化程度的可能,因此,分離及利用微衛星指紋基因已成為保育遺傳學的研究主流之ㄧ。
三、重要發現
紅檜的野外族群仍維持高度遺傳歧異度,其中又以南橫地區檜谷的族群遺傳歧異度為最高,新中橫和南橫地區因保有較古老之基因型或基因交流造成兩地區族群不分化,可考慮作為保育遺傳多樣性的熱點;南洋紅豆杉則因分布零星、野外族群數量減少,造成其遺傳歧異度偏低,顯示南洋紅豆杉應優先考慮進行保育及復育之工作;至於鐵杉不同之個體均顯現不同之基因型組成,加上族群間呈現顯著分化,顯示鐵杉族群彼此間鮮少基因交流。石松屬族群則可被分為兩群:著生型及地生型,其遺傳組成歧異度因各擁有不同的分子指紋組成,顯示微衛星DNA在物種鑑定上的可應用性。
四、主要建議事項
紅檜雖然曾受到過去砍伐影響而降低老樹數量及分布,但仍保有較高之遺傳歧異度顯示針對紅檜進行保育時,主要針對於維持野外族群數量及棲地完整性以降低外在因素干擾;南洋紅豆杉在野外族群數量稀少且遺傳歧異度較低,建議進行野外族群調查並明確記錄標示每一族群、個體之分布範圍,進行原地保育、種原保存等以維持南洋紅豆杉之遺傳歧異度;鐵杉族群均保有獨特之基因型,建議維持棲地完整性以減少人為破壞,將有助於鐵杉族群的延續。由於石松科植物族群的種間具有遺傳變異,應進一步了解物種族群遺傳結構研究。
英文摘要
DNA fingerprinting has been widely applied to examine the genetic variation for the purpose of biological conservation. DNA microsatellites with short sequence repeats provide high variability and high resolution in assessing population genetic structure. In this study, three gymnosperms, Chamacyparis formosensis Matsumura, Taxus sumatrana (Miq.) de Laub, and Tsuga chinensis (Franchet) Pritz. ex Diels var. formosana (Hayata) Li & Keng were examined. In the past decades, human overexploitation has caused the population decline. In this study, microsatellite polymorphisms were examined and the genetic structure was analyzed. The microsatellite DNA diversity within populations of Chamaecyparis formosensis is high. Population of south-cross island highway with the highest level ogenetic diversity compared to other populations should be considered as a hot spot, as indicated by its demography. Taxus sumatrana should be protected at a high priority based on its rarity and low genetic diversity. Tsuga chinesis var. formosana, in turn, under low disturbance remains healthy in nature, as revealed by its high genetic diversity within and among populations. Epiphytic and terrestrial Lycopodiaceae in Taiwan possess distinct microsatellite alleles at each locus, suggesting usefulness of the fringerpringting techniques for species identification