The Bird Resource Monitoring andPlanning and Establishment of DatabaseandWebsite in Yushan National Park
中文摘要
一、研究緣起與方法
為能延續上一年度的研究成果，及規劃鳥類資源長期監測方法與建置鳥類兒童版網頁，本計畫將進行以下三項工作：（一）持續在塔塔加地區從事過境候鳥調查，包括夜間過境候鳥觀測與繫放及日行性過境猛禽觀測，以確實掌握候鳥過境塔塔加地區的狀況；（二）在瓦拉米步道及八通關步道雲龍瀑布到觀高段於繁殖季及非繁殖季各做兩次鳥類相調查，藉由分析實地調查資料提出適合玉山園區的鳥類長期監測方法；（三）繼續充實鳥類資料庫內容並建置鳥類兒童網頁。
二、重要發現
今年9-11月10次的繫放作業總共捕捉到5科9種94隻過境候鳥，數量上以紅尾伯勞(Lanius cristatus) 42隻最多，茅斑蝗鶯（Locustella lanceolata）39隻次之，其中短尾鶯（Urosphena squameiceps）為新紀錄種。98及99年的繫放資料顯示夜間候鳥過境高峰出現在晚上8-11點之間，這與觀測月亮所得的遷移高峰在9-11點相當吻合。9-10月間過境猛禽觀測總共記錄到8種22,075隻，絕大多數是灰面鵟鷹（Butastur indicus , 61%）及赤腹鷹（Accipiter soloensis , 38%），而燕隼(Falco subbuteo)也是新紀錄種。赤腹鷹與灰面鵟鷹過境數量的高低峰變化與墾丁國家公園的調查結果非常近似，惟數量上較少，不過10月17日有將近1萬隻灰面鵟鷹過境，是最高紀錄。
瓦拉米線的鳥類調查共發現41種鳥類，觀高線55種。10分鐘內所記錄到的鳥種數及鳥隻數皆顯著高於5分鐘之紀錄；且從第一分鐘到第十分鐘，鳥種數呈對數成長，越往後面有漸趨緩和的趨勢。25公尺內、50公尺內及無邊界等三種調查範圍的鳥種數及隻數也都具有顯著差異，且範圍越大所記錄到的鳥種數及隻數也越多。海拔分布上，多數食蟲性留鳥在非繁殖季有降遷的現象，而植食性鳥類隨食物到處移動的趨勢較明顯，因此就某一特定調查點而言，繁殖季與非繁殖季的鳥類組成存在相當大的差異。在繁殖季，當隨意點一直累積到每500公尺有一個樣點時，即與固定點調查強度一樣時，可以記錄達90%的固定點總記錄鳥種數；而非繁殖季則因鳥類組成變化較大，在瓦拉米線僅達八成左右。由於兩條調查路線上鳥類的聽看比都大於10，顯示在森林中做鳥類調查非常需要聽聲辨鳥，因此未來在正式調查前需要特別請承辦單位先舉辦鳥聲辨識訓練講習，加強調查員聽聲辨鳥的能力。
今年的鳥類調查結果及各調查點的座標位置已加入資料庫中，新建置的玉山鳥類兒童網頁包含四個部份：玉山鳥類介紹、特有種鳥類、鳥類知識及如何觀察鳥類等，繪圖及網頁設計工作也已完成。
三、主要建議事項
1. 建議將候鳥觀測結果運用於解說教育上，如在赤腹鷹及灰面鵟鷹過境高峰期設定點解說。
2. 建構完善中、英文鳥類網頁以作為舉辦賞鳥比賽及國際賞鳥活動之後盾。
3. 提供塔塔加地區秋季過境猛禽標準調查作業，建議每年9-10 月猛禽過境高峰期間，以麟趾山及自忠為觀測點進行同步調查。
4. 提出鳥類長期監測規劃，建議適合玉山園區的長期鳥類監測方式，就調查路線、樣點設置、調查時間、調查範圍及記錄項目等分別提出建議。
英文摘要
To continue last year’s survey on birds of the Yushan National Park, we plan to carry out three tasks in this project: 1) migrant survey at Tataka Area, 2) planning of long-term bird population monitoring based on preliminary bird counts, and 3) kid’s website on birds of the Yushan National Park. We banded 94 migrants in ten operations, including 42 Brown Shrike (Lanius cristatus), and 39 LanceolatedWarbler (Locustella lanceolata). Moon watch of nocturnal migrants showed that migrant passage peaked around 9-11 PM, and another smaller peak at 4 AM. The early peak of migrant passage at night was verified by banding records that also showed a clear peak around 8-11 PM. Migratory raptor watch resulted in 13,515 Grey-faced Buzzard (Butastur indicus, 61%), 8,487 Chinese Goshawk (Accipiter soloensis, 38%) and 6 other species. Of those migrants recorded, Northern Hobby (Falco subbuteo) and Asian Stubtail (Urosphena squameiceps) are newrecord species, and these make the Yushan National Park reaching 191 bird species. Bird survey along two transect lines (Walami and Guangao) have recorded 41 and 55 bird species, respectively. Number of bird species and individuals recorded were significantly greater for point counts with a radius of 50 m than those of 25 m, and were also greater for 10-min counts than for 5-min counts. In addition, bird species increased logarithmically from the first min to the tenth min.Wintering migrants and residents from higher altitudinal areas increased species diversity during the non-breeding season, and it was especially prominent at low-elevation areas. Thus, bird counts must be conducted in both breeding and non-breeding seasons to get a comprehensive knowledge on avian fauna at any particular site. Permanent transect lines can be set up along well-maintained trails at different elevation levels, whereas random points of 500 m apart can be selected along trails in the vast wilderness within the Yushan National Park. Permanent lines had best be surveyed yearly, or should be carried out together with random point survey at least once every 3-5 years. Since the capacity of detecting birds by voices is quite important in forest ecosystems, workshops on bird voices will be necessary to help participants in conducting the survey.
