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委辦成果報告

植物

塔塔加地區森林火災對松類造林地之植群、微氣候及土壤的影響

Fire Impacts on the Vegetation, Micro Climate, and Soils of the Pinophyta Plantation of the Tataka Area
中文摘要
玉山國家公園塔塔加地區在民國82年1月6日發生該園區成立以來最大的森林火災,範圍約達300公頃。自民國84年4月至85年3月期間,選擇該區之鱗趾山東側及東南側坡地為林火區試驗地,進行植群調查、微氣候觀測土壤之有機質與pH值的測定等工作。
植群調查部份林火區以高山芒最為優勢,乃由於林冠疏開,大量陽光直射林床,林下日照充足,植物以陽性植物為優勢。林火區試驗地的光合作用有效輻射年平均值為對照組的5倍,而氣溫年平均值和氣溫年平均高低溫差都較對照區高,這也是因為林冠疏開,大量陽光直射林床造成。
林火區之土壤表面堆積許多深色的灰炭遺跡,使得表土具有較高的吸熱能力,表土溫度和溫差年平均值均提高;另大量的養分從灰分中釋放回林地,使土壤的有效性養分和pH值增高。
英文摘要
On January 6, 1993, the largest forest fire since the establishment of Yushan National Park had occured in the Tataka area, affecting 300 hectares of land. This study was conducted between April 1995 to March 1996, with the east and southeast slopes of Mt. Linjhi as the forest fire experimental site. The focuses of the study were vegetational survey, micro-climate observation,tests of the organic materials in the soil, and pH tests. Results from the vegetation survey showed that Miscanthus transmorrisonensis is the most dominant species in the forest fire zone. Due to canopy thinning and direct sunlight on the forest bed, there is sufficient sunlight under canopies; therefore, heliophyte are the dominant species in such an area. The yearly average effective photosynthetic radiation at the study area was five times greater than the control group. The yearly average temperature and average high and low temperatures were all higher than that of the control group. This is due to canopy thinning and the forest bed receiving large amount of direct sunlight. The surface soil of the forest fire zone had accumulated a large amount of dark carbon reminence, providing it with higher heat absorbance and raising its temperature as well as the yearly average temperature difference. In addition, profuse amount of nutrient were released into the forest from ashes, raising the effective soil nutrient and pH of soil.
基本資料
  • 性質: 植物
  • 辦理方式: 自行研究
  • 執行機關: 玉管處
  • 年度: 85
  • 領域: 所有領域