This paper is divided into six chapters, and discusses how to understand Taiwan’s aboriginal tribes through the use of ethnography and ethnomusicology; the population distribution, migration, and cultural background of the Bunun; the musical instruments of the Bunun; the traditional folk songs of the Bunun, the social function and role of traditional Bunun music; the adaptability and intractability of traditional music given the factors of changing time and space. The Bunun tribe is also one of the high mountain tribes who inhabit the highest altitude among the Austronesian tribes. The complicated patriarchal social organization, plus many yearly sacrifices offered to gods or the deceased, along with the use of traditional music combine to form music with distinctive attributes. To the Bununs, traditional music is not merely a superficial concept of voice, but a profound, hidden energy. Through witchcraft, taboos, and yearly sacrifices offered to gods or the deceased, and life rituals and the workings of clan society they achieve the most harmonious ecological balance between bunun, hanido, and dehanin. From the emphasis on joining in and the use of triads in Bunun music, the Bununs subtly reflect the relationship between music and human relationships.