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105年度玉山國家公園園區周邊南安部落水稻生態農業輔導暨培訓計畫

中文摘要
玉山國家公園管理處東部園區入口處的南安部落,座擁30多公頃水稻田,是當地布農族人開發墾植且賴以維生的主要農產業。長年多採行慣行農耕方式,大量使用除草劑、化學肥料與農藥,危及農產品的安全性;同時導致土壤酸化、鹽化及養分失衡,造成當地土壤劣化及地力降低,並對生態環境造成負面衝擊。也因空氣中常瀰漫刺鼻的農藥味,影響遊客停留賞景興致,與國家公園提供生態保育、休閒遊憩教育的精神相違。
自民國103年起,玉管處委託財團法人慈心有機農業發展基金會,執行「南安部落水稻生態有機農業輔導暨培訓計畫」,規劃以農業經濟、生態維護及友善農業推廣等三大策略,並鏈結整合花蓮區農業改良場的農耕技術,玉山銀行、銀川有機米產銷班等企業社會責任支持保價收購及對地補貼機制,確保農民一級生產的經濟收益。期望以有機友善農業生產方式,顧及當地農民和土地的健康,也兼顧農民的經濟收益,以達到土地永續利用目標。同時增進與布農族部落的夥伴關係,深化國家公園與園區周邊部落良好的互動,並符合國家公園提升生態保育、觀光遊憩與學術研究的經營管理目標,共創雙贏共榮。
經過3年執行轉作輔導培力工作的成果,目前已有10位農民轉作有機生態水稻,面積為15.8公頃;另有3位農民轉作雜糧作物,面積為1.2公頃。1期作稻穀總產量從17噸提高至30噸;每公頃平均收益也由9萬多元提升為12萬多元。同時,型塑「玉山瓦拉米」自有品牌,農民可自行銷售,增加收益。
生態監測調查方面,進行水稻植株害蟲與天敵調查結果發現,施灑化肥造成害蟲快速爆發,有機田則因食物網完整發展,其主要害蟲數少於慣行田。而有機田中的天敵物種多且數量高,與害蟲間可維持制衡的關係,能有效壓抑制飛蝨害蟲,顯示有機田生態防禦比慣行田人為防治效果好,生物多樣性也較佳。同時,也在南安水田中發現幾近絕跡的台灣特有種-菊池氏細鯽,顯示有機水稻田深具生態保育功能。
南安部落布農族人透過有機生態耕作模式回歸土地永續利用,與大自然和諧共生共存的生活型態,漸趨達到全面性轉作有機生態農業,朝向有機生態村發展應是指日可待。
英文摘要
Yushan National Park Management Office next to the Nanan tribe of Bunun people is located in the eastern part of the park's entrance. It is the more than 30 hectares of rice that is the main base of the local development and cultivation of the agricultural industry. The use of herbicides, chemical fertilizers and pesticides endangering the safety of agricultural products at the same time leading to soil acidification, salinization and nutrient imbalance, resulting in local soil degradation and reducing soil fertility has a negative impact on the ecological environment. Contrary to the spirit of the national park to provide ecological conservation, leisure and recreational education, pungent smell of pesticides in the air influence the good mood of tourists to enjoy the scenery.

The Yushan Management Officehas has outsourced the project of restructuring-and-training extension service program by counseling Nan-an district farmers transforming into organic farming to TseXin Organic Agriculture Foundation (referred to as TOAF) in 2014. And link the integration of agricultural technology in Hualien District, farm technology, Yushan Bank, Yinchuan organic rice production and marketing classes and other corporate social responsibility to support the purchase price and the subsidy mechanism to ensure that farmers a production of economic benefits. It is expected that organic-friendly agricultural production, taking into account the health of local farmers and land, but also take into account the economic benefits of farmers in order to achieve sustainable land use goals. At the same time enhance the partnership with the Bunun tribe, deepen the national park and the park surrounding tribes good interaction, and in line with national parks to enhance ecological conservation, sightseeing and recreation and academic research management objectives, create a win-win and common prosperity.

After three years of implementation of counseling efforts, there are already 10 farmers turning to organic rice farming including an area of 15.8 hectares; another three farmers turning to miscellaneous grains crops including an area of 1.2 hectares. For the first crops, the total rice production has increased from 17 tons to 30 tons; the average yield per hectare has upgraded from more than NT $90,000D to to more than NT $120,000. At the same time, the new brand "Yushan Walami" has been owned by farmers which can help them sell products and increase revenues.

In ecological monitoring survey, from the results of rice plant pests and natural enemies, it was found that comparing to the rapid outbreak of pests caused by spraying pesticides, the main pests of organic fields due to the complete development of food web were less than the number of conventional one. The results showed that the ecological control of organic field was better than that of conventional one, and the biological diversity was better. At the same time, it was also found in the Nanan paddy field there still existed the almost extinct Taiwan endemic species - Kikuchi's carp indicating organic rice fields were useful with deep ecological conservation function.

In Nan-an tribe, the Bunun people through organic ecological farming model returning to the sustainable use of land leading a harmony and symbiosis of life style with nature will gradually achieve a comprehensive conversion to organic ecological agriculture so as to towards the development of organic ecological village in near future.
基本資料
  • 辦理方式: 委託辦理
  • 主管機關: 玉山國家公園管理處
  • 執行機關: 財團法人慈心有機農業發展基金會
  • 年度: 105
  • 計畫經費: 789000元
  • 領域: 自然生態保育
  • 主持人: 陳榮宗
  • 中文關鍵字: 玉山國家公園、布農族、南安部落、有機農業、產業轉型、
  • 英文關鍵字:Yushan National Park, the Bunun, Nan-an district, industrial transformation, organic farming