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地球科學

玉山國家公園南橫梅山口山坡崩塌裸露岩石區監測預警系統之規劃

The Planning of Monitoring Alarm System for Landslide Rock Area of Meishan in Yushan National Park
中文摘要
玉山國家公園梅山口為南橫公路進入玉山國家公園之門戶,梅山村(110K)之地質主要為梅山層,由暗灰色至灰黑色頁岩或硬頁岩組成,間夾有 5公分至15公分厚之黃褐色至青灰色中至細粒薄層砂岩互層,梅山村最常見的崩塌型式為岩塊掉落(Rock or debris fall),岩塊的大小可由小至幾公分至2或3公尺直徑的大塊岩石。
原擋土牆採階級式混凝土塊體疊砌而成,似有緩慢突出變形之現象,經試驗分析結果擋土牆背填土表土下約50cm處之土壤內摩擦角=38.7°,凝聚力C值=2.2 tf/m2,屬極硬實級配良好之稜角狀砂質粘土,為優良之擋土牆背填土,若須進一步了解是否夾有軟弱層,須進行地層鑽探與土壤試驗。
對於當地即時災害之預警系統之建置,可於邊坡地層或擋土設施中裝設土壓計、地中傾斜計、土中沈陷計、地盤傾斜計、水位計及雨量計等等觀測儀器,藉由地層或擋土結構之應力或應變情況,瞭解潛在落石邊坡及擋土牆設施之安全性,並配合在崩塌區設置即時錄影預警系統,可提供居民即時預警通報資訊,亦可減少儀器誤判可能。
在工程上,提供落石防護措施之參考,因有鑑於柔性鋼圈高消能落石防護網之落石能量吸收能力為傳統菱形網的1.5倍,故建議採用柔性鋼圈高消能落石防護網配合現地之落石能量加以設置。以梅山村邊坡岩塊掉落情況判定,建議採用平均直徑約為1.0m之岩塊,在崩塌區之落石能量為150 t-m,建議設置1,500,000焦耳(Joule)高消能防護網於梅山村西北側,高度採3.0m,設置長度約為80m。
英文摘要
Mei-San Village at the Southern transit highway is an entrance to the Yue-San National Park. The geological formation mainly consists of shales inter-layered with 50-150mm thick sandstones. The rock or debris fall is considered to be a primary form of slope failure in this area, and the sizes of rock fall range between a few centimeters and two to three meters in diameter. The soil retaining wall at Mei-San Village consisting of large concrete block facing was found under gradual deformations. Soil sampling from about 0.5m-deep of the backfill showed good physical and mechanical properties with a coulomb’s failure envelope of c=2.2 tf/m2 and =38.7. To investigate the mechanism of the wall deformation, further studies using soil boring, soil testing and slope stability analysis is necessary. To establish a warning system for the possible slope failure disaster, monitoring devices, such as : inclinometers, water level recorders, rainfall recorders should be installed, and a real-time monitoring system can also be used to increase the accuracy of the disaster warning system. A rock fall energy absorption net which has 1.5 times of energy absorption capacity than conventional rock-capturing nets is suggested for this area to prevent possible damage of the rock fall. It is suggested to use a rock fall with 1m in diameter for the design of the rock retention net. An average rock fall energy of 150 t-m or 1,500,000 Joule, and a 3.0m-high and 80m-long rock retention net are also suggested.
基本資料
  • 性質: 地球科學
  • 辦理方式: 委託辦理
  • 執行機關: 成功大學研究發展基金會
  • 年度: 93
  • 計畫經費: 94(仟元)
  • 領域: 所有領域
  • 主持人: 黃景川
  • 中文關鍵字: 落石、擋土牆、預警系統、落石防護網