Phenology along Yushan Peaks Trail from Tatachia to Yushan Main Peak in Yushan National Park
中文摘要
高山地區的低溫、高輻射及降雪等特殊環境，成為物種在生長過程中的限制因子。全球暖化及氣候變遷趨勢對高山植物之生存造成威脅，生存於高海拔的物種面臨繁衍和生存危機。植物物候直接反映在氣候的改變，其中，開花物候是植物繁殖生活史中最重要的一環，直接影響授粉成功率，亦影響後續成果率、種子散播率，其對氣候變化敏感，可作為氣候變遷的直接或間接指標。因此，本調查主要針對開花物候部分觀察，提供繁殖生態學術研究之基礎資料，進一步研究、探討物種的生存策略，對於物種資源保育提供重要資訊。
本調查於2016年3-10月在玉山國家公園境內之塔塔加-玉山主峰線步道，自塔塔加
登山口起(海拔2,537 m)至玉山主峰(海拔3,952 m)，每月進行種子植物物候觀察，進一步了解之氣象因子與植物物候關係，不同海拔、生育地等環境對物候之影響，以及植物生活型、授粉方式、種子類型與氣象因子之關係等，並嘗試由植物物候觀察過程中，選擇可以作為氣候變遷之指標物種。
本研究的物候調查中，共記錄47科120屬171種植物，其中雙子葉植物有39科98屬138種，佔所有物種的80.7%。研究區植物種類開花物候隨氣溫增加而增加，開花物種種數高峰期發生在7-8月，在9月開始減少；各海拔區域植物開花物候的高峰期皆在8月。結實物候種類高峰期在9月，各海拔區域高峰期亦在9月，皆較開花物候高峰晚約1個月。開花物種數與氣溫呈顯著正相關，雨量與開花物種數相關不若氣溫顯著。
本研究發現植物盛花期時間大多數種類隨海拔增加而有較晚發生的現象。比較1987-1989年以及2013年的玉山物候研究，1987-1989年的開花種數，7月最多，6-8月是高峰期，多數物種集中在夏季開花，秋季開花物種相對較少。本研究與2013年的開花種數的高峰期較晚，開花物種數最多發生在8月，進入秋季時仍有相當多的植物在開花。以1987-1989年的逐月開花物種數變化為基礎，我們可以發現2013年與2016年的逐月開花物種數高峰期有延後的現象，在極端氣候的影響下，2013年的冬末春初的開花物種數較高，整年度的開花物種數也高於2016年。本研究針對玉山櫻草、玉山金梅、塔山櫻、塔塔加繡線菊、紅毛杜鵑、玉山杜鵑、阿里山薊及塔塔加薊等物種進行縮時攝影監測，得到玉山櫻草、玉山金梅、紅毛杜鵑、阿里山薊及塔塔加薊等物種的開花積溫。
英文摘要
Plants live in the alpine zone exhibit their characteristic adaptations to the environment. The alpine ecosystem is an important area where study the global climate change in recent year. Because the species habitat in this ecosystem which population structure, population dynamic and the microenvironment change and so on each factor have provided the indirect evidence regarding the global climate change. And the phenology of alpine species is a way to research historic, current climate changes and repercussion Mt. Jade is one of the representative alpine ecosystems in Taiwan. The flowering and fruiting phenologies were surveyed along the Yunthan main peak trail from Tatachia (alt. 2,537 m) to mountain peak (alt. 3,952 m) of Yushan National park during March 2016 to October 2016 for each month. Total 171 species were recorded for phenology, among them, 155 species flowering were recorded. The flowering species number increased with the raising temperature significantly. The abundacne of flowering species occurred in July-August 2016, and the number of flowering species began to decrease in September. The abundance of fruiting species occurred in September 2016, which was about 1 month later than the peak of flowering species number. With the elevation ascent, most of plants tended to bloom later than those the same species grow in lower altitudes. Comparied with the flowering phenologies among 1987-1989, 2013, and 2016 in Mt. Jade, the aboundance of blooming speceis number occurred in July of 1987-1989. The abundant blooming species of 2013 and 2016 were occurred in August, which appeared later than 1987-1989. In this study, we also conducted time-lapse monitoring photograph on species such as Primula miyabeana, Potentilla leuconota, Prunus obstusata, Spiraea tatakaensis, Rhododendron rubropilosum, R. pseudochrysanthum, Cirsium arisanense and C. tatakaense. The flowering accumulated temperature of Primula miyabeana, Potentilla leuconota, R. rubropilosum, R. pseudochrysanthum, C. arisanense and C. tatakaense were calculated
